The active ingredients in the form of nanoparticles have a high surface-to-volume ratio, which promotes dispersibility in the emulsion, and are better adapted for multiple functions. The increased demand for skin care cosmeceutical nanoemulsions is a consequence of their ability for controlled delivery and optimized dispersion of active ingredients into the desired layers of skin. The applications of cosmeceuticals have now extended to skin protection, whitening, tanning, anti-aging and anti-wrinkling, alongside other interesting uses such as deodorants, as well as for nail and hair care. ‘Cosmeceuticals’ gain large consumer interest because these products lie between the grey zone of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Higher demands for improved product efficacy have seen the boundary between cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals products becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish. The market for cosmeceutical products has grown substantially in recent decades following increasing consumer awareness for dermatologically nutritional products that promote good skin health and disease prevention. Correspondingly, an overview of characterisation technologies to differentiate between the micro and nanoemulsions – alongside their benchmarks in terms of their physical and thermodynamic stabilities, is also described in this review. This review describes the popular techniques used by formulators in recent years to prepare nanoemulsions as final application products for cosmeceutical application. Formulators, however, do face certain limitations especially regarding the diffusion of active ingredients into the human skin. They are mainly targeted at high performance, product distribution to consumers, alongside the prospects of mass production. The composition and the technique of preparation very much define the quality of nanoemulsions. The thermodynamic and high kinetic stability, besides the minute droplet size of nanoemulsions have spurred their rapid development as a system for delivery of bioactive substances/drugs in cosmetics and dermatological formulations. In fact, it nanoemulsions are one of the major popular formulation systems in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields. The interest in nanoscale emulsions has considerably grown in recent decades as a consequence of their specific attributes such as high stability, attractive appearance, in addition to high performance and sensorial advantage.
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